Designer Checklist for Anchorage into Concrete Masonry Based on TMS 402/602-22
Anchor bolts are used to connect masonry to other elements within a structure for support and load transfer. TMS 402/602 addresses the design and installation of anchors embedded in freshly placed grout, however, post-installed anchors are commonly used as well. Given the proprietary nature of most post-installed anchor bolts, they are outside of the scope of this Checklist. The design of veneer anchorage (e.g., veneer ties) is also outside the scope of this Checklist.
TMS 402/602 addresses two types of embedded anchors: bent-bar anchors and headed anchors. Both are addressed in this Checklist.
This Checklist is applicable to anchors embedded in masonry construction designed in accordance with TMS 402/602 for commercial structures covered under the International Building Code. Single family residential construction covered under the International Residential Code has different design, detailing, and construction requirements specific an anchor bolts embedded in masonry.
TMS 402 contains design modeling options for both allowable stress design (ASD) and strength design (SD). Where design checks differ between these two modeling approaches, they are addressed separately in this Checklist.
Designer Checklist for Concrete Masonry Lintels Based on TMS 402/602-22
Concrete masonry lintels (the term beam is used interchangeably with lintel) are horizontal elements spanning openings in masonry walls (doors, windows, etc.). They are required to safely transfer loads from above to the wall areas adjacent to the opening. Lintels are subject to combined flexural and shear stresses and must be detailed to control cracking, deflection, and ensure durability. See separate Checklist DC-3-22, Designer Checklist for Concrete Masonry Bond Beams, for design and detailing requirements for masonry beams built into the field of the masonry assembly.
TMS 402 contains design modeling options for both allowable stress design (ASD) and strength design (SD). Where design checks differ between these two modeling approaches, they are addressed separately in this Checklist.
Masonry Compressive Strength Calculator
This calculator uses the unit strength table of TMS 602 (shown below) to determine the unit compressive strength required to achieve a user-specified masonry assembly compressive strength (f’m) – or determines the resulting assembly compressive strength (f’m) based on the user defined unit compressive strength. This calculator can be used with either the 2016 or 2022 editions of TMS 402/602.
Section Properties and Wall Weights Calculator
This calculator determines net and average cross-sectional properties based on user defined inputs. Net section properties represent the smallest cross-section of an assembly and are used for calculating assembly strength. Average section properties represent the average cross-section of an assembly and are used for calculating assembly stiffness. This calculator determines the net cross-sectional properties through a plane concurrent with a mortar joint while average section properties are determined through a plane concurrent with the mid-height or mid-length of a unit in the assembly.
Lap Splice & Development Length Calculator
This calculator is based on the provisions of TMS 402/602-16 and TMS 402/602-22, Building Code Requirements and Specification for Masonry Structures. As there is no functional difference between the requirements of these two editions of the masonry design standard pertaining to the determination of minimum lap and development lengths, either edition is applicable.
Designer Checklist for Concrete Masonry Partitions Based on TMS 402/602-22
Concrete masonry partition walls are interior walls without structural function commonly used for space separation, fire resistance, and sound insulation. While partitions do not carry vertical loads other than their own weight, they are subject to lateral loading due to HVAC pressurization, occupants, seismic loads, and internal pressures from external wind entering into the structure through openings or small leakage paths. This checklist is applicable to concrete masonry partitions based on TMS 402/602-22.
TMS 402 contains design modeling options for both allowable stress design (ASD) and strength design (SD). Where design checks differ between these two modeling approaches, they are addressed separately in this Checklist.
Major Changes in Masonry Structural Standards: TMS 402/602-22
The masonry design standards, TMS 402/602 Building Code Requirements and Specification for Masonry Structures were updated in 2022 following a 6-year revision cycle. This course covers the major changes in these standards which include a complete rewriting of the veneer provisions, the introduction of compression-controlled sections in strength design, anchor bolt recalibration to be based on the ultimate strength of steel, and the addition of an appendix on masonry reinforced with GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) bars. These changes and many more will be discussed, and the impact of the changes on typical designs will be reviewed.